![]() One of such modern technology that has gained popularity on recent years is blockchain technology, which can be adapted into the green smart cities. ![]() The main aim of the green smart city is to improve the quality of the resident’s life, improve urban system functionalities, and enhance various industries and businesses with the help of modern technology for the efficient performance, overall cost minimization, and to reduce resource deterioration. Green smart cities are being implemented and under development in various countries across the world. The IBSWS prototype demonstrates that the use of sensors and WiFi-enabled microcontrollers over a cloud environment can be used to implement such a system and properly manage crop irrigation. In addition, IBSWS implements a mobile app for farmers who use the system to monitor and control the irrigation system as well as the crop environment. This enables continuous monitoring of soil moisture and pH levels. This research proposes an IoT-Based Smart Watering System (IBSWS) which addresses both of these concerns by using pH and soil moisture sensors to take real-time data and process it through a cloud environment using microcontrollers. Even though several smart watering systems have been proposed, currently none of the proposed systems consider both the pH of irrigation water and soil moisture together. By monitoring the soil moisture of crops and the pH level of the irrigation water, not only can water be conserved, but healthier plants can also be cultivated. A large amount of water is wasted in agriculture today due to inefficient irrigation techniques.
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